Hybrid-layered apparatus and bulletproof structure having the same

ABSTRACT

A hybrid-layered apparatus for a bulletproof structure includes a viscous absorber layer, a first elastic layer, a viscous-elastic foundation layer, and a second elastic layer, orderly arranged in a lamination manner The viscous absorber layer contains a semi-liquid viscous material. The first elastic layer, laminated fixedly to the viscous absorber layer, has a first predetermined toughness. The viscous-elastic foundation layer, laminated fixedly to the first elastic layer by opposing the viscous absorber layer, has predetermined elasticity and compressibility. The second elastic layer, laminated fixedly to the viscous-elastic foundation layer by opposing the first elastic layer, has a second predetermined toughness. In addition, the first predetermined toughness is higher than the second predetermined toughness.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application a continuation-in-part of a U.S. utility application Ser. No. 16/894,092 filed on Jun. 5, 2020, which claims the benefits of China utility patent application Serial No. 201921709979.4, filed on Oct. 11, 2019, the disclosures of which are incorporated by references herein in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates in general to a bulletproof structure, and more particularly to a hybrid-layer cell used for the bulletproof structure.

BACKGROUND

In the history, fighting between spears and shields has been one of important factors in development of military technology. However, in the new firearm era, the development in shielding is actually gradually slower than that in attacking. One observation upon this development gap is the limitation in finding a hard material sufficient for defending a modern attacking weapon. One more observation is that explosion energy has been introduced to boost destruction capacity of attack weapon; for example, the bullet. Rotation and velocity of the bullet have provided this sharp “stone” with unbelievable penetration ability, by which a conventional bullet-defending amour seems to be weak and incomparable. Contrarily, heavier and heavier amours introduced originally against bullets induces a serious mobility problem to the user.

SUMMARY

An object of the present disclosure is to provide a hybrid-layered apparatus that can provide superior bulletproof ability.

In this disclosure, the hybrid-layered apparatus includes a viscous absorber layer, a first elastic layer, a viscous-elastic foundation layer and a second elastic layer, orderly arranged in a lamination manner. The viscous absorber layer contains a semi-liquid viscous material. The first elastic layer, laminated fixedly to the viscous absorber layer, has a first predetermined toughness. The viscous-elastic foundation layer, laminated fixedly to the first elastic layer by opposing the viscous absorber layer, has predetermined elasticity and compressibility. The second elastic layer, laminated fixedly to the viscous-elastic foundation layer by opposing the first elastic layer, has a second predetermined toughness. The first elastic layer is carbon fiber or Kevlar. The second elastic layer is metal. In addition, the first predetermined toughness is higher than the second predetermined toughness.

In one embodiment of this disclosure, the viscous absorber layer is skinned by a protective film for securing the semi-liquid viscous material in position between the protective film and the first elastic layer.

In one embodiment of this disclosure, the first elastic layer and the second elastic layer are made of the same metal material, either carbon fiber, Kevlar, or metal; and a thickness of the first elastic layer is larger than that of the second elastic layer.

In one embodiment of this disclosure, the viscous-elastic foundation layer contains a semi-solid viscous material or ceramic material.

In one embodiment of this disclosure, the viscous-elastic foundation layer includes a plurality of first spring elements extending in parallel and individually connecting the first elastic layer and the second elastic layer. Preferably, the viscous-elastic foundation layer further includes a plurality of second spring elements disposed in parallel on the second elastic layer and having a length shorter than that of the first spring elements. More preferably, the viscous-elastic foundation layer further includes a plurality of third spring elements disposed in parallel on the second elastic layer and having a length shorter than that of the second spring elements. Specifically, the first spring element, the second spring element and the third spring element are telescoped together on the second elastic layer.

In one embodiment of this disclosure, the viscous-elastic foundation layer includes a plurality of first spring elements extending in parallel and individually connecting the first elastic layer and the second elastic layer. Preferably, the viscous-elastic foundation layer further includes a plurality of second spring elements disposed in parallel on the first elastic layer and having a length shorter than that of the first spring elements. More preferably, the viscous-elastic foundation layer further includes a plurality of third spring elements disposed in parallel on the first elastic layer and having a length shorter than that of the second spring elements. Specifically, the first spring element, the second spring element and the third spring element are arranged in parallel on the first elastic layer.

In one embodiment of this disclosure, the viscous-elastic foundation layer includes a plurality of first spring elements extending in parallel and individually connecting the first elastic layer and the second elastic layer. Preferably, the viscous-elastic foundation layer further includes a plurality of second spring elements disposed in parallel on the second elastic layer and having a higher resistance/elastic strength than that of the first spring elements. More preferably, the viscous-elastic foundation layer further includes a plurality of third spring elements disposed in parallel on the second elastic layer and having a higher resistance/elastic strength than that of the second spring elements. Specifically, the first spring element, the second spring element and the third spring element are telescoped together or arranged in parallel on the second elastic layer.

In one embodiment of this disclosure, the viscous-elastic foundation layer includes a plurality of first spring elements extending in parallel and individually connecting the first elastic layer and the second elastic layer. Preferably, the viscous-elastic foundation layer further includes a plurality of second spring elements disposed in parallel on the second elastic layer and having a thicker spring coil than that of the first spring elements. More preferably, the viscous-elastic foundation layer further includes a plurality of third spring elements disposed in parallel on the second elastic layer and having a thicker spring coil than that of the second spring elements. Specifically, the first spring element, the second spring element and the third spring element are telescoped together or arranged in parallel on the second elastic layer.

Another object of this present disclosure is to provide a bulletproof structure having a plurality of the hybrid-layered apparatus disposed in a fish-scale arrangement.

As stated, by providing the bulletproof structure having the plurality of the hybrid-layered apparatus in this disclosure, a high-speed bullet can be “wrapped” by a single cell prior to hurt the user of the bulletproof structure. In addition, to maintain the bulletproof structure provided in this disclosure, only the damage cell should be replaced, and thus the maintenance cost can be greatly reduced.

Further scope of applicability of the present application will become more apparent from the detailed description given hereinafter. However, it should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating exemplary embodiments of the disclosure, are given by way of illustration only, since various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this detailed description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present disclosure will become more fully understood from the detailed description given herein below and the accompanying drawings which are given by way of illustration only, and thus are not limitative of the present disclosure and wherein:

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a portion of an embodiment of the bulletproof structure in accordance with this disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the hybrid-layered apparatus of FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of FIG. 2 along line A-A;

FIG. 4A is a schematic view of the hybrid-layered apparatus of this disclosure being hit by a bullet, at a stage of the bullet traveling in the viscous absorber layer prior to contacting the first elastic layer;

FIG. 4B is a schematic view of the hybrid-layered apparatus of this disclosure being hit by a bullet, at a stage of the bullet impacting the first elastic layer;

FIG. 4C is a schematic view of the hybrid-layered apparatus of this disclosure being hit by a bullet, at a stage of the bullet impacting the second elastic layer;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a first embodiment of the viscous-elastic foundation layer in accordance with this disclosure;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a second embodiment of the viscous-elastic foundation layer in accordance with this disclosure;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a third embodiment of the viscous-elastic foundation layer in accordance with this disclosure;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a fourth embodiment of the viscous-elastic foundation layer in accordance with this disclosure;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a fifth embodiment of the viscous-elastic foundation layer in accordance with this disclosure; and

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of another embodiment of the hybrid-layered apparatus in accordance with this disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following detailed description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the disclosed embodiments. It will be apparent, however, that one or more embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are schematically shown in order to simplify the drawing.

Referring to FIG. 1 , a schematic view of a portion of an embodiment of the bulletproof structure 100 in accordance with this disclosure is shown. The bulletproof structure 100 has a plurality of hybrid-layered apparatus 1. The hybrid-layered apparatus 1 may have different sizes, though the same size shown in this figure, and are disposed, but not limited to, in a fish-scale arrangement. Upon such an arrangement, each individual cell can be replaced independently, and also a jacket or vest made up by this bulletproof structure 100 can have better ventilation and flexibility. In this disclosure, the cell 1 can be glued, adhered or stitched to a base material of the bulletproof structure 100.

Refer now to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 ; where FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the hybrid-layered apparatus 1 of FIG. 1 , and FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of FIG. 2 along line A-A. In this embodiment, the hybrid-layered apparatus 1 includes a protective film 170, a viscous absorber layer 17, a first elastic layer 15, a viscous-elastic foundation layer 13 and a second elastic layer 11, orderly arranged in a lamination manner The first elastic layer 15 and the second elastic layer 11 can be carbon fiber, Kevlar, or metal. In one preferred embodiment, the first elastic layer 15 is carbon fiber or Kevlar, and the second elastic layer 11 is metal.

Though not shown in the figure, the entire cell 1 can be wrapped, packaged, sealed, or disguised by a protective package material such as leather, a plastics or a cloth, for both protection and sealing the cell 1 as a unique piece.

The viscous absorber layer 17 contains a semi-liquid viscous material with a comprehensive viscosity. In this disclosure, the viscous absorber layer 17 is used for retarding rotation and velocity of an incoming bullet; i.e., for absorbing a portion of bullet's kinetic energy. Especially, if the rotation of the intruding bullet can be slowed down, the penetration-ability of the high-speed bullet would be significantly reduced, such that the bullet after passing the viscous absorber layer would have less momentum to hit the first elastic layer 15. In comparison to a conventional bulletproof structure who utilizes a steel plate to directly take the impact of the bullet, the hybrid-layered apparatus 1 of this disclosure arranges the viscous absorber layer 17 to slow down the bullet in advance prior to reach the first elastic layer 15, and thereupon the possibility of the bullet to penetrate through the elastic layer 15 can be greatly reduced.

As shown in FIG. 3 , the viscous absorber layer 17 is skinned by a protective film 170 for securing the semi-liquid viscous material in position between the protective film 170 and the first elastic layer 15.

The first elastic layer 15, laminated fixedly to the viscous absorber layer 17, has a first predetermined toughness. In this embodiment, the first elastic layer 15 can be a steel plate, a carbon fiber plate, or a Kevlar plate capable of providing sufficient toughness and elasticity against the impact and penetration of the bullet.

The viscous-elastic foundation layer 13, laminated fixedly to the first elastic layer 15 by opposing the viscous absorber layer 17, has predetermined elasticity and compressibility. With reasonable elasticity, the viscous-elastic foundation layer 13 can well distribute the impact of the bullet, i.e., performed theoretically as an elastic foundation. On the other hand, with relevant compressibility, the viscous-elastic foundation layer 13 can be squeezed sideward by the bullet through the first elastic layer 15 so as to efficiently spread out the impact of the bullet.

In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5 , the viscous-elastic foundation layer 13 contains a semi-solid viscous material or ceramic material, and this semi-solid viscous material is restrained by films 130, for example, to deform between the first elastic layer 15 and the second elastic layer 11.

The second elastic layer 11, laminated fixedly to the viscous-elastic foundation layer 13 by opposing the first elastic layer 15, has a second predetermined toughness. In this embodiment, the second elastic layer 11 can be a steel plate, carbon fiber plate, or a Kevlar plate capable of providing sufficient toughness and elasticity against the impact and penetration of the bullet. In particular, the first predetermined toughness of the first elastic layer 11 is higher than the second predetermined toughness of the second elastic layer 11. Preferably, a thickness of a middle portion of the second elastic layer 11 is larger than that of a peripheral portion thereof.

In this embodiment, since the first predetermined toughness is set to be higher than the second predetermined toughness, thus if the first elastic layer 15 and the second elastic layer 11 are made of the same metal material, then a thickness of the first elastic layer 15 is larger than that of the second elastic layer 11.

Refer now to FIG. 4A through FIG. 4C, where different stages of the hybrid-layered apparatus 1 of this disclosure being hit by a bullet 2 are shown. FIG. 4A demonstrates a stage of the bullet traveling in the viscous absorber layer 17 prior to contacting the first elastic layer 15, FIG. 4B demonstrates a stage of the bullet 2 impacting the first elastic layer 15, and FIG. 4C demonstrates a stage of the bullet 2 impacting the second elastic layer 11.

In FIG. 4A, the high-speed bullet 2 travels in the viscous absorber layer 17 after breaking the protective film 170, and is surrounded therein by the semi-liquid viscous material. Contributed by the viscosity of the semi-liquid viscous material, the rotation and velocity of the bullet 2 can be substantially decreased.

The viscous absorber layer 17 contains a semi-liquid viscous material with a comprehensive viscosity. In this disclosure, the viscous absorber layer 17 is used for retarding rotation and velocity of an incoming bullet; i.e., for absorbing a portion of bullet's kinetic energy. Especially, if the rotation of the intruding bullet can be slowed down, the penetration-ability of the high-speed bullet would be significantly reduced, such that the bullet after passing the viscous absorber layer would have less momentum to hit the first elastic layer 15. In comparison to a conventional bulletproof structure who utilizes a steel plate to directly take the impact of the bullet, the hybrid-layered apparatus 1 of this disclosure arranges the viscous absorber layer 17 to slow down the bullet in advance prior to reach the first elastic layer 15, and thereupon the possibility of the bullet to penetrate through the elastic layer 15 can be greatly reduced.

In FIG. 4B, as the bullet 2 impacts the first elastic layer 15, due to the elastic foundation provided by the viscous-elastic foundation layer 13, the kinetic energy of the bullet 2 would be spread outward along the first elastic layer 15, and also shared by the semi-solid viscous material through being squeezed outward by the deformation of the first elastic layer 15 by the bullet 2. In addition, since the semi-solid viscous material is squeezed outward from an impact center of the bullet 2, the sideward squeezed semi-solid viscous material would raise the corresponding portion of the first elastic metal plate 15, such that the first elastic metal plate 15 would form as a concave structure centered at the bullet 2. Thereupon, with the edge portion of the first elastic metal plate 15 to be raised up and the central portion thereof to recess downward so as to form the lowest point to receive the bullet 2. Due to the entire concave deformation of the first elastic layer 15, the bullet 2 can be “caught” in a softer manner by this glove-like structure, such that the possibility of the bullet 2 penetrating through the first elastic layer 15 would be substantially reduced, in comparison to the bullet hard hitting the steel plate in the conventional bulletproof design.

In FIG. 4C, the bullet 2 advances further, the first elastic layer 15 deforms downward further, the semi-solid viscous material of the viscous-elastic foundation layer 13 is compressed downward and squeezed outward further, the first elastic layer 11 is also deformed to some degree, and the viscous absorber layer 17 is concavely deformed as well.

The viscous-elastic foundation layer 13 also functions as adhesiveness between the layers 15 and 11. Such that when the layer 15 is deformed by an external impact, such adhesiveness provides an additional strength/leverage to the layer 15 by attaching the layer 11 to it. As the layer 15 deforms, the pressure caused from the layer 15's deformation will be pass to the layer 11 via the foundation layer 13, which will provides additional resistance against the layer 15's deformation. Therefore, it increases the layer 15's resistance against the deformation, and further reduces the final impact onto the layer 11.

Further, as the film 130 limits the expansion of the foundation 13, it limits the semi-solid viscous material to deform between the first elastic layer 15 and the second elastic layer 11, substantial elasticity and compressibility can also be provided to the viscous-elastic foundation layer 13 so as to act, in a recoverable manner, against the forcing from the bullet through the first elastic layer 15.

With the entire hybrid-layered apparatus 1 to deform into a glove-like structure for “catching” an incoming bullet 2, the possibility of the bullet 2 to penetrate through the instant hybrid-layered apparatus 1 would be significantly lowered. Thus, damage of the bullet 2 to the object after the hybrid-layered apparatus 1 can be greatly reduced. In other words, with the hybrid-layer cell 1 provided by this disclosure to “wrap” the high-speed bullet 2, possible damage to the protected object would be reduced.

Referring now to FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 , schematic views of a second and a third embodiment of the viscous-elastic foundation layer 13 in accordance with this disclosure are shown, respectively. In both embodiments, in order to enhance the elasticity, the viscous-elastic foundation layer 13 can further include a plurality of first spring elements 131 extending in parallel and individually connecting the first elastic layer 15 and the second elastic layer 11. Preferably, the viscous-elastic foundation layer 13 can further include a plurality of second spring elements 133 disposed in parallel on the second elastic layer 11 and having a length shorter than that of the first spring elements 131. More preferably, the viscous-elastic foundation layer 13 can further include a plurality of third spring elements 135 disposed in parallel on the second elastic layer 11 and having a length shorter than that of the second spring elements 133.

In one embodiment, the second spring element has a thicker spring coil than the first spring element, and the third spring element has a thicker spring coil than the second spring element. In one embodiment, the second spring element has a higher elastic resistance than the first spring element, and the third spring element has a higher elastic resistance than the second spring element. The different elastic or compression resistances provided by different spring elements constitute an escalated resistance with the foundation layer, which provide different resistance stages when impacted by a bullet or an external object.

Specifically, in the second embodiment as shown in FIG. 6 , the first spring element 131, the second spring element 133 and the third spring element 135 are telescoped together on the second elastic layer 11. On the other hand, in the third embodiment as shown in FIG. 7 , the first spring element 131, the second spring element 133 and the third spring element 135 are separately disposed between the first elastic layer 15 and the second elastic layer 11.

Referring now to FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 , schematic views of a fourth and a fifth embodiment of the viscous-elastic foundation layer 13 in accordance with this disclosure are shown, respectively. In both embodiments, in order to enhance the elasticity, the viscous-elastic foundation layer 13 can further include a plurality of first spring elements 131 extending in parallel and individually connecting the first elastic layer 15 and the second elastic layer 11. Preferably, the viscous-elastic foundation layer 13 can further include a plurality of second spring elements 133 disposed in parallel on the first elastic layer 15 and having a length shorter than that of the first spring elements 131. More preferably, the viscous-elastic foundation layer 13 can further include a plurality of third spring elements 135 disposed in parallel on the first elastic layer 15 and having a length shorter than that of the second spring elements 133. Specifically, in the fourth embodiment as shown in FIG. 8 , the first spring element 131, the second spring element 133 and the third spring element 135 are telescoped together on the first elastic layer 15. On the other hand, in the fifth embodiment as shown in FIG. 9 , the first spring element 131, the second spring element 133 and the third spring element 135 are separately disposed between the first elastic layer 15 and the second elastic layer 11.

In this disclosure, the configuration of the hybrid-layered apparatus is not limited to the shape (a nail shape) shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 . In practical uses, the configuration of the hybrid-layered apparatus 1 can be a relevant shape such as the shape 1 a shown in FIG. 10 .

As described above, by providing the bulletproof structure having the plurality of the hybrid-layered apparatus in this disclosure, a high-speed bullet can be “wrapped” by a single cell prior to hurt the user of the bulletproof structure. In addition, to maintain the bulletproof structure provided in this disclosure, only the damage cell should be replaced, and thus the maintenance cost can be greatly reduced.

With respect to the above description then, it is to be realized that the optimum dimensional relationships for the parts of the disclosure, to include variations in size, materials, shape, form, function and manner of operation, assembly and use, are deemed readily apparent and obvious to one skilled in the art, and all equivalent relationships to those illustrated in the drawings and described in the specification are intended to be encompassed by the present disclosure. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A hybrid-layered apparatus for receiving and resisting an impact from an object, comprising: a first cell, wherein said cell comprises a viscous absorber layer, containing a semi-liquid viscous material; a first elastic layer, having a first predetermined toughness, wherein said first elastic layer is carbon fiber or Kevlar; a viscous elastic foundation layer, having predetermined elasticity and compressibility, wherein said first elastic layer is sandwiched between said viscous absorber layer and said viscous-elastic foundation layer, and said viscous elastic foundation layer laminates fixedly to said first elastic layer by opposing said viscous absorber layer; and a second elastic layer, having a second predetermined toughness and laminated fixedly to said viscous-elastic foundation layer by opposing said first elastic layer, wherein said second elastic layer is metal; wherein said viscous absorber layer retards a spinning movement of said object; wherein said first elastic layer deforms as said object impacting on said first elastic layer; and wherein said viscous elastic foundation layer adhesives said first elastic layer and said second elastic layer together for supporting said first elastic layer to resist a deformation from said impact.
 2. The hybrid-layered apparatus of claim 1, wherein the viscous absorber layer is skinned by a protective film for securing the semi-liquid viscous material in position between the protective film and the first elastic layer.
 3. The hybrid-layered apparatus of claim 1, wherein said second elastic layer has a center portion with a first thickness and a peripheral portion with a second thickness, and said first thickness is higher than said second thickness.
 4. The hybrid-layered apparatus of claim 1, wherein the viscous-elastic foundation layer contains a semi-solid viscous material or ceramic.
 5. The hybrid-layered apparatus of claim 1, wherein the viscous-elastic foundation layer includes a plurality of first spring elements extending in parallel and individually connecting said first elastic layer and said second elastic layer.
 6. The hybrid-layered apparatus of claim 5, wherein the viscous-elastic foundation layer includes a plurality of second spring elements disposed in parallel on said first elastic layer or said second elastic layer; wherein each of said first spring elements has a first elastic resistance, each of said second spring elements has a second elastic resistance, and said second elastic resistance is higher than said first elastic resistance; and wherein said first elastic resistance and said second elastic resistance provide an escalated resistance within said viscous elastic foundation layer.
 7. The hybrid-layered apparatus of claim 6, wherein the viscous-elastic foundation layer includes a plurality of third spring elements disposed in parallel on said first elastic layer or on said second elastic layer, each of said third spring elements has a third elastic resistance, and said third elastic resistance is higher than said second elastic resistance.
 8. The hybrid-layered apparatus of claim 7, wherein said first spring element, said second spring element, and said third spring element are telescoped together on said first elastic layer or on said second elastic layer.
 9. The hybrid-layered apparatus of claim 5, wherein the viscous-elastic foundation layer includes a plurality of second spring elements disposed in parallel on said first elastic layer or on said second elastic layer; wherein each of said first spring elements has a first spring coil thickness, each of said second spring elements has a second spring coil thickness, and said second spring coil thickness is thicker than said first spring coil thickness; and wherein said first elastic resistance and said second elastic resistance provide an escalated resistance within said viscous elastic foundation layer.
 10. The hybrid-layered apparatus of claim 9, wherein the viscous-elastic foundation layer includes a plurality of third spring elements disposed in parallel on said first elastic layer or on said second elastic layer, each of said third spring elements has a third spring coil thickness, and said third spring coil thickness is thicker than said second spring coil thickness.
 11. The hybrid-layered apparatus of claim 10, wherein the first spring element, the second spring element and the third spring element are telescoped together on said first elastic layer or on said second elastic layer.
 12. The hybrid-layered apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a second cell.
 13. The hybrid-layered apparatus of claim 1, wherein said first cell is a fish-scale shape.
 14. The hybrid-layered apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a protective film for covering said viscous absorber layer.
 15. The hybrid-layered apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a protective film for holding said viscous elastic foundation wherein said protective film restrains said viscous elastic foundation from expansion when said viscous elastic foundation layer is compressed by said first elastic layer and said second elastic layer. 